Chemistry 11 Lesson 22: Molecular structure of organic compounds, prepared by teachers at Cmm.edu.vn, hopes to be useful documents to help students master the lesson knowledge and achieve good results in the lessons. exams and tests in class.
Mục lục
- Summary of Theory of Chemistry 11 Lesson 22
- Solving exercises in Chemistry textbook 11 Lesson 22
- Lesson 1 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
- Lesson 2 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
- Lesson 3 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
- Lesson 4 (page 101 of the 11th Chemistry Textbook)
- Lesson 5 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
- Lesson 6 (page 102 of Chemistry 11 Textbook)
- Lesson 7 (page 102 of Chemistry 11 Textbook)
- Lesson 8 (page 102 of Chemistry 11 Textbook)
- Chemistry Quiz 11 Lesson 22 with answers
Summary of Theory of Chemistry 11 Lesson 22
I. Structure formula
1. Concepts
– Structural formula shows the sequence and bonding method (single bond, multiple bond) of atoms in a molecule.
2. What kind of structural formulas
a) Deployment structure formula
– show on the paper plane all the links.
– Example: Expanded structural formula of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH).
b) Compact structural formula
– atoms, groups of atoms bonded to a carbon atom are written as a group.
For example: CH3 – CH2 – OH, CH2 = CH – CH = CH2,…
Or just show bonds between carbon atoms and with functional groups.
+ Each end a straight line or point of bend corresponds to a carbon atom.
+ Do not indicate the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom.
– Example:
Figure 1: Some examples of converting full structural formulas to reduced formulas
II. Theory of chemical structure
1. Contents
In an organic compound molecule, the atoms are linked together in the correct valence and in a certain sequence. The sequence of bonds is called the chemical structure.
⇒ A change in that bond sequence, i.e. a change in chemical conformation, will result in another compound.
For example, the molecular formula C2H6O has two structural formulas for the following two compounds:
H3C−O−CH3: dimethyl ether, a gas, does not react with Na.
H3C−CH2−OH: ethyl alcohol, liquid, reacts with Na to release hydrogen.
– In molecules of organic compounds, carbon has a valence of 4. Carbon atoms can not only bond with atoms of other elements, but also bond together to form carbon chains.
Example:
The properties of substances depend on their molecular composition (the nature, the number of atoms) and their chemical structure (the order in which atoms are linked).
Example:
+ Depends on molecular composition: CH4 is a flammable gas, CCl4 is a non-flammable liquid; CH3Cl is a gas with no anesthetic effect, while CHCl3 is a liquid with anesthetic effect.
+ Depends on chemical structure: CH3CH2OH and CH3OCH3 differ in both chemical properties.
2. Meaning
– The theory of chemical structure helps to explain the phenomenon of homology and isomerism.
II. Homologous isomers
1. Peer
Homogeneity is a phenomenon in which organic substances have similar structure and chemical properties, but the molecular composition is inferior to one or more CH2 groups.
– Substances belonging to the same homologous series form a homologous series with a common formula.
Example: The homologous series of methane: CH4, CH3 – CH3, CH3 – CH2 – CH3,…
⇒ The general formula is CnH2n + 2.
2. Isomers
Isomers are organic substances that have the same molecular formula but different structures, resulting in different chemical properties.
There are two main types of isomers:
+ Structural isomers include: carbon chain isomers, functional group isomers, multiple bond or functional group isomers, etc.
Stereoisomers: isomers that differ in the spatial positions of groups of atoms.
Figure 2: Stereoisomers of CHCl = CHCl
III. Chemical bonds and molecular structure of organic compounds
– Common bonds in organic compounds are covalent bonds, including σ bonds and π bonds.
– The combination of σ and π bonds forms double or triple bonds (multiple bonds).
1. Single link (σ)
– Formed by a shared pair of electrons, represented by a hyphen between two atoms.
– Strong σ bond.
Figure 3: simulation of hollow methane a) and solid b).
2. Double bond (1 and 1 )
– Due to 2 pairs of shared electrons, represented by 2 parallel hyphens between 2 atoms.
– Includes 1σ durable and 1π less durable.
Figure 4: simulation of hollow and solid ethylene molecules B
3. Triple bond (1 and 2 )
– Due to 3 shared electron pairs, represented by 3 parallel hyphens between 2 atoms.
– Includes 1σ durable and 2 π less durable.
Figure 5: simulation of acetylene molecules in the hollow form A and the solid form B
Solving exercises in Chemistry textbook 11 Lesson 22
Lesson 1 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
State the basic content of the theory of chemical structure.
The answer:
In an organic compound molecule, the atoms are linked together in the correct valence and in a certain sequence. The sequence of bonds is called the chemical structure. A change in that bond sequence, i.e. a change in chemical conformation, will result in another compound.
In organic compounds, carbon has a tetravalent valence. Carbon atoms can not only bond with atoms of other elements, but also bond with each other to form carbon chains (cyclic, non-cyclic, branched, unbranched).
The properties of substances depend on their molecular composition (nature, number of atoms) and chemical structure (the order in which atoms are linked).
Lesson 2 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
Compare the meaning of molecular formula and structural formula. Give an illustrative example?
The answer:
– Same: Indicates the amount of each element in the molecule.
– Different:
| Molecular Formula | Structural Formula |
| – Alike:
Give the number of each element in the molecule – Different: The properties of organic compounds are unknown. – Example: CTPT C3H6 we do not know what this compound is. Only know compounds with 3 C atoms and 6 H . atoms |
Indicate the number of each element in the molecule.
– Indicate the bonding sequence of the atoms in the molecule and thereby know the properties of organic compounds. – CTPT C3H6 – if CTPT CH2=CH-CH3 An alkene whose characteristic reaction is addition – if CTCT is |
is cycloalkaneLesson 3 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
What is single bond, double bond, triple bond?
The answer:
Single bond: (also known as bond) formed by a shared pair of electrons
Example: H:H
CTCT HH
Double bond: formed by 2 pairs of shared electrons. In which there is a stable σ bond and a flexible π bond, which is easily broken when participating in chemical reactions.
Example H2C :: CH2
CTCT H2C=CH2
Triple bond: is composed of three shared pairs. Among them, there is one stable σ bond and two flexible π bonds, which are easily broken when participating in chemical reactions.
Example HC⋮⋮CH
CTCT: HC≡CHI
Lesson 4 (page 101 of the 11th Chemistry Textbook)
Which of the following compounds has only single bonds?
A. CH4 ;
B. C2H4
C. C6H6 ;
D. CH3COOH
The answer:
– Answer A
Only CH4 is in a molecule with only single bonds. For other substances, there are both single and double bonds in the molecule.
Lesson 5 (page 101 of Chemistry Textbook 11)
Which of the following substances are isomers of each other?
The answer:
– homologs of each other are:
+ a; d;e (are alkenes)
+ a; d;g
+ b;d;e
+ b; d; g
+ c; h and h; i (are alkanes)
– isomers of each other are:
+ a; b because they all have CTPT C4H8
+ e; g because they all have CTPT C5H10
+ c; i because they all have CTPT C5H12
Lesson 6 (page 102 of Chemistry 11 Textbook)
Write possible structural formulas of substances with the following molecular formulas: C2H6O, C3H6O, C4H10.
The answer:
Lesson 7 (page 102 of Chemistry 11 Textbook)
Which of the following structural formulas represent the same substance?
The answer:
(I); (III) and (IV) are the same substance. Both have the formula CH3CH2OH. (II) and (V) are the same substance, both have the formula CH2Cl2
Lesson 8 (page 102 of Chemistry 11 Textbook)
When 5.30 grams of mixture consisting of ethanol C2H5OH and propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH are reacted with sodium (excess) to obtain 1.12 liters of gas (determined).
a. Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place.
b. Calculate the mass percent composition of each substance in the mixture.
The answer:
a) 2C2H5OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa + H2↑ (1)
2CH3-CH2-СН2-ОН + 2Na → 2CH3-CH2-СН2-ONa + H2↑ (2)
b) Let the number of moles of ethanol be x of propan-1-ol be y (mol)
According to (1) and (2), we have a system of equations:
Chemistry Quiz 11 Lesson 22 with answers
Lesson 1: The number of possible strand formulations corresponding to the molecular formula C5H10 is
A. 5
B. 5
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer: REMOVE
Lesson 2: The number of possible structural formulas corresponding to the molecular formula C3H7Cl is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer: REMOVE
Lesson 3: The number of possible structural formulas corresponding to the molecular formula C4H9Cl is
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer: EASY
Lesson 4:. The number of possible structural formulas for the molecular formula C3H6Cl2 is
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer: EASY
Lesson 5: The number of possible structural formulas corresponding to the molecular formula C3H8O is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer:
Lesson 6: The number of possible structural formulas corresponding to the molecular formula C4H10O is
A. 8
B. 6
C. 7
D. 5.
The answer
Answer:
Lesson 7: Among the substances: C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O and C3H9N; substances with many structural isomers, especially
A. C3H7Cl
B. C3H8 C.
C3H9N
D. C3H8O.
The answer
Answer:
Exercise 8: Which of the following substances in a molecule has only single bonds?
A. C2H4
B. C2H2
C. C6H6
D. C2H6.
The answer
Answer: EASY
Question 9: Which of the following substances in a molecule has a double bond?
A. C2H4
B. C2H2
C. C3H8
D. C2H5OH.
The answer
Answer: A
Question 10: Which of the following substances has a molecule with a triple bond?
A. C2H4
B. C2H2
C. CH4
D. CH3OH.
The answer
Answer: REMOVE
Exercise 11: Which of the following pairs of substances are isomers of each other?
A. C2H5OH, CH3OCH3
B. CH3OCH3, CH3CHO.
C. CH3OH, C2H5OH
D. CH3CH2Cl, CH3CH2OH
The answer
Answer: A
Lesson 12: Which of the following pairs of substances are homologous?
A. CH3OH, CH3OCH3
B. CH3OCH3, CH3CHO.
C. CH3OH, C2H5OH
D. CH3CH2OH, C3H6(OH)2.
The answer
Answer:
Lesson 13: The number of possible structural formulas corresponding to the molecular formula C4H10 is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer: REMOVE
Lesson 14: The number of possible open-chain formulas corresponding to the molecular formula C4H8 is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
The answer
Answer:
******************
Above is the content of Chemistry lesson 11 Lesson 22: Molecular structure of organic compounds prepared by teachers at Cmm.edu.vn, including theory, problem solving and multiple choice questions with full answers. enough. Hope they will master the knowledge about Molecular Structure of Organic Compounds. Wish you all the best in your studies and always get high scores in class tests.
Written by: Truong Cmm.edu.vn
Category: Chemistry 11
Copyright of the article belongs to Soc Trang City High School. Any copying is fraud!
Shared source: School Cmm.edu.vn (thptsoctrang.edu.vn)
Bạn thấy bài viết Hóa học 11 Bài 22: Cấu trúc phân tử hợp chất hữu cơ – Giải bài tập SGK Hóa học 11 Bài 22 có khắc phục đươc vấn đề bạn tìm hiểu ko?, nếu ko hãy comment góp ý thêm về Hóa học 11 Bài 22: Cấu trúc phân tử hợp chất hữu cơ – Giải bài tập SGK Hóa học 11 Bài 22 bên dưới để Trường THPT Nguyễn Quán Nho có thể thay đổi & cải thiện nội dung tốt hơn cho các bạn nhé! Cám ơn bạn đã ghé thăm Website: thptnguyenquannho.edu.vn của Trường THPT Nguyễn Quán Nho
Nhớ để nguồn bài viết này: Hóa học 11 Bài 22: Cấu trúc phân tử hợp chất hữu cơ – Giải bài tập SGK Hóa học 11 Bài 22 của website thptnguyenquannho.edu.vn
Chuyên mục: Văn học